By DEBORAH JONES
VANCOUVER, Canada, January, 2011
A simple phone call about dead sea otters washing up on the shores of Alaska after United States nuclear tests led to the birth of environmental organization Greenpeace four decades ago.
Irving Stowe and his wife, Dorothy, were so outraged by the news that they launched a petition from their home in Vancouver, on the Canadian west coast, and set up a group called “Don’t Make A Wave.”
Their daughter, Barbara Stowe, recalled the early beginnings of the group, which eventually blossomed and grew into the international environmental activist group, Greenpeace. On Thursday, Greenpeace marks its 40th anniversary.
Her father had been told of “sea otters washing up on the shore, dead, their eardrums split by the explosions” after U.S. nuclear tests on Amchitka Island, Alaska, she said in an interview.
With a group of other activists, the Stowes, both Quakers and peace activists who moved from the U.S. during the Vietnam War, launched the committee — named after concerns that the blasts would trigger a tsunami — and announced a plan to send a boat to Amchitka to witness to the tests. Soon “people all around Canada and the world were sending money, $2 at a time,” said Stowe.
America cancelled its Amchitka nuclear tests a year after the Greenpeace voyage
The boat, which they named “Greenpeace,” was launched from Vancouver in September 1971.
Although the U.S. Coast Guard stopped Greenpeace before the boat reached Amchitka, it helped raise global awareness of the blasts, which the U.S. cancelled the following year.
The Don’t Make a Wave Committee changed its name to Greenpeace, and in a few years the organization had outgrown the city of its birth.
Today its international headquarters is in Amsterdam, it has offices in dozens of countries, and even its Canadian headquarters is now in Toronto.
But officials and the founders say Vancouver, with its picturesque setting amid ocean, mountains and forest, and a diverse population, was key to the organization’s start.
“Greenpeace was a product of the times, but also of the place,” said Bruce Cox, Greenpeace Canada head. “There’s a much-heightened awareness of the natural environment.”
Vancouver, historically a hub of the West Coast’s rich aboriginal cultural, had been a commercial center for Western Canada’s resource economy since the 1800s. By the 1960s, it had also become known for its multicultural population — and as a refuge for American draft dodgers and counter-culture hippies.
Anywhere else, Greenpeace might never have have taken off, said author Rex Weyler, one of the founders who sailed on Greenpeace, after moving here from the U.S. in the 1960s as a young journalist. “I remember Japanese and Chinese communities then. There was an international youth movement, there were Buddhist communities, Hindu communities, young hippies, back-to-the-landers, and an ecology community,” said Weyler.
“We wanted to launch an ecology movement …We were going to transform the world”
“We wanted to launch an ecology movement. There were civil rights, women’s and peace movements. What was lacking was a real sense of ecology. That’s what we set out to do, not to create an international organization and make Greenpeace famous,” Weyler laughed. “We were going to transform the world … it sort of worked, didn’t it.”
Greenpeace has had a tumultuous path, and has been sharply criticized in past years for some of its more provocative tactics in its early campaigns to stop seal hunting and high-seas confrontations with Japanese whaling boats.
But it has retained its fierce sense of independence, relying solely on personal donations instead of government, corporate and organizational funding. And it is strongly committed to rigorous science, which has earned it kudos.
“My impression is that (Greenpeace) remains one of the most powerful and respected environmental organizations and that those Vancouverites who are aware that the organization originated here are proud of the fact,” said scientist William Rees, a University of British Columbia professor and co-inventor of the Ecological Footprint tool to measure environmental impact.
This week Greenpeace officials from around the world converge on Vancouver to commemorate the organization’s 40th anniversary.
Barbara Stowe, whose parents are both now deceased, said the politicians and officials will see that Greenpeace also made its mark on Vancouver, today ranked as one of the most environmentally friendly cities in the world.
“This place draws people who love nature,” said Tzeporah Berman, co- director of climate and energy campaigns for Greenpeace International, who recently moved back to Vancouver from Amsterdam. “It’s a city committed to becoming the greenest city in the world.”
Copyright © 2011 Deborah Jones
Originally published by Agence France-Presse, September 12, 2011
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